Studi Pendasaran Sistem Usahatani Tanaman-Ternak pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi di Jawa Barat

摘要

. Adiyoga, W. and R. Suherman. 2008. A Baseline Study of Crop-livestock System in West Java Highland Ecosystem. A baseline study was carried out in West Java highland areas (Lembang: Cibodas and Suntenjaya Village, Pangalengan: Pulosari and Margamulya Village, and Ciwidey: Lebakmuncang and Panundaan Village) from May to October 2003. Respondents were those who grew vegetables and raised livestock simultaneously. Number of respondents selected were as follow: Lembang 40 respondents, Pangalengan 45 respondents, and Ciwidey 44 respondents. The results showed that some major vegetables, such as cabbage, potato, and tomato were grown in all production centers. Without any production regulation, the probability of excess supply that may decrease the price drastically was quite high. Yearly cropping pattern showed the domination of monocropping system. Wide gap between minimum and maximum yield provide an indirect indication that there was not only caused by wide variation in input-use intensity, but also inefficiency in input allocation among vegetable farms. Price fluctuation and pest and disease incidence were the most 2 important constraints in vegetable farming. Livestock dominantly raised in highland areas were dairy cow. Some respondents also raised goats and rabbits as secondary livestock. Productivity of dairy cows in Pangalengan was slightly higher than that in Lembang and Ciwidey. Feasibility analysis indicated that raising 3 cows (less than 18 months old) and 2 cows (more than 18 months old) was financially viable. Respondents perceived that feed quality, disease incidence and capital availability were the most 3 important constrains in dairy cows farming. Some indicators suggest that dairy cows farming contributed more dominantly to the household income in Lembang and Ciwidey. Meanwhile, the vegetable farming provided a more dominant contribution to the household income in Pangalengan. Farmers proposed the need for some improvements in pest and disease control, fertilization and selection or use of good quality seeds for all important vegetables. Implicitly, farmers asked for the most updated technology to increase their farm productivity significantly. For dairy cows, some improvements needed were techniques to increase milk production and quality, to prepare feeds, to improve cage sanitation, and to control disease.